CBSE Class 10 AI Unit 1 MCQs with Answers & Explanations (2026–27) | Revisiting AI Project Cycle & Ethical Frameworks

Correct Answer: A. To understand the goal and objective of the project

Explanation: Problem Scoping is the first stage of the AI Project Cycle. In this stage, the problem is identified, objectives are defined, stakeholders are recognized, and the project goals are finalized before collecting any data.

Why other options are incorrect:

• B. Data collection is performed during the Data Acquisition stage.
• C. Selecting an AI model takes place during the Modelling stage.
• D. Integrating the AI solution into real-world use is done during Deployment.

Correct Answer: B. To form the base of the project with reliable parameters

Explanation: High-quality and authentic data improves the accuracy and reliability of an AI model. Since AI systems learn from data, poor-quality data can produce incorrect predictions.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Authentic data improves quality, not necessarily training speed.
• C. Graphs are created during Data Exploration, not Data Acquisition.
• D. Legal compliance is important but is not the primary reason for collecting authentic data.

Correct Answer: C. Modelling

Explanation: After analyzing and understanding the collected data, suitable AI models are selected and trained during the Modelling stage.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Problem Scoping is the first stage of the cycle.
• B. Deployment is the final stage after successful evaluation.
• D. Evaluation takes place after the model has been built.

Correct Answer: D. Interpret patterns in the collected data

Explanation: Data Exploration helps identify trends, relationships, and hidden patterns by using visual representations such as graphs, charts, and plots.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Algorithms are developed during Modelling.
• B. Data collection occurs during Data Acquisition.
• C. Accuracy is measured during Evaluation.

Correct Answer: B. Testing the model using new data to measure its performance

Explanation: Evaluation checks how accurately the AI model performs on unseen data and identifies areas where improvements are required before deployment.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Deployment happens only after successful evaluation.
• C. Data collection belongs to Data Acquisition.
• D. The 4Ws are part of Problem Scoping.

Correct Answer: A. Deployment

Explanation: Deployment is the final stage where the AI solution is implemented for actual users or organizations to solve the identified problem.

Why other options are incorrect:

• B. Problem Scoping defines objectives.
• C. Data Exploration studies collected data.
• D. Modelling develops the AI model.

Correct Answer: D. Three

Explanation: The three major AI domains are:

• Statistical Data
• Computer Vision
• Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Why other options are incorrect:

• A, B, C. These do not match the CBSE AI curriculum.

Correct Answer: C. Statistical Data

Explanation: Price comparison websites collect, organize, and analyze large amounts of numerical data to help users compare products and prices.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. NLP deals with human language.
• B. Computer Vision processes images and videos.
• D. Bioethics is an ethical framework, not an AI domain.

Correct Answer: B. Analyze images and videos

Explanation: Computer Vision enables computers to understand and interpret visual information from images, videos, and cameras for making intelligent decisions.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Human speech processing belongs to NLP.
• C. Database management is not Computer Vision.
• D. Language translation is an NLP application.

Correct Answer: A. Natural Language Processing

Explanation: Natural Language Processing (NLP) focuses on enabling computers to understand, process, interpret, and generate human languages such as English and Hindi.

Why other options are incorrect:

• B. Statistical Data analyzes numerical and structured data.
• C. Computer Vision processes visual information.
• D. Bioethics provides ethical guidelines for AI systems.

Correct Answer: D. Structured sets of steps for organized problem-solving

Explanation: Frameworks provide a systematic approach to solving problems. They offer clear guidelines that help individuals and teams make consistent and effective decisions.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Frameworks are organized, not random.
• B. They are not legal documents.
• C. Python is a programming language, not a framework for ethical decision-making.

Correct Answer: B. To ensure AI systems make responsible and fair decisions

Explanation: Ethical Frameworks guide AI developers in making decisions that avoid harm, reduce bias, protect human rights, and promote fairness.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Ethics is unrelated to execution speed.
• C. Ethical frameworks do not reduce coding effort.
• D. Internet connectivity has no relation to AI ethics.

Correct Answer: B. To ensure AI makes morally acceptable recommendations

Explanation: AI systems influence many important decisions. Ethical Frameworks help ensure these decisions are fair, transparent, unbiased, and beneficial to society.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Ethics has nothing to do with graphics.
• C. AI always requires relevant data.
• D. Ethical Frameworks promote responsible AI, not restrict its use.

Correct Answer: B. Personal biases while making decisions

Explanation: The activity demonstrates that our decisions are often influenced by personal beliefs, emotions, experiences, and unconscious biases.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. The activity is not related to debugging programs.
• C. It does not compare AI algorithms.
• D. Database concepts are not involved.

Correct Answer: D. Processor Speed

Explanation: Human decisions are influenced by culture, religion, beliefs, emotions, and intuition. Processor speed is a hardware specification and does not affect human moral decisions.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Culture influences values and choices.
• B. Religious beliefs may affect decision-making.
• C. Intuition often guides personal judgments.

Correct Answer: B. Sector-based and Value-based

Explanation: Ethical Frameworks are mainly divided into:

• Sector-based Frameworks – Designed for specific industries.
• Value-based Frameworks – Based on ethical values and moral principles.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A, C, D. These classifications are not part of the CBSE AI curriculum.

Correct Answer: A. Bioethics

Explanation: Bioethics is a sector-based ethical framework that deals with healthcare, medicine, patient rights, privacy, and responsible use of medical AI systems.

Why other options are incorrect:

• B. Rights-based Framework focuses on protecting human rights.
• C. Utility-based Framework focuses on maximizing overall benefit.
• D. Virtue-based Framework emphasizes moral character.

Correct Answer: B. Human rights and dignity

Explanation: Rights-based ethics ensure that AI respects equality, privacy, freedom, and the dignity of every individual without discrimination.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Profit is not the primary objective.
• C. Processing speed is unrelated to ethics.
• D. Internet security is not the focus of this framework.

Correct Answer: C. Utility-based Framework

Explanation: Utility-based ethics evaluate actions based on their overall benefits and aim to maximize positive outcomes while minimizing harm.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Virtue-based ethics focus on moral character.
• B. Rights-based ethics protect individual rights.
• D. Bioethics applies specifically to healthcare.

Correct Answer: C. Acting according to moral values and ethical principles

Explanation: Virtue-based ethics encourage individuals to act according to qualities such as honesty, fairness, integrity, compassion, and responsibility.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Revenue generation is not the objective of ethical frameworks.
• B. Virtue-based ethics extend beyond merely following laws.
• D. AI speed has no connection with moral virtues.

Correct Answer: D. Respect for Autonomy

Explanation: Respect for Autonomy ensures that users have the freedom to make informed decisions. AI systems should be transparent so that users understand how decisions are made and what data is being used.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Justice focuses on fairness and equal treatment.
• B. Beneficence focuses on promoting well-being.
• C. Non-maleficence focuses on avoiding harm.

Correct Answer: B. Avoiding harm to individuals or society

Explanation: Non-maleficence means "Do No Harm." AI systems should avoid causing physical, emotional, financial, or social harm to people.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Profit is not an ethical principle.
• C. Equal opportunities relate more closely to Justice.
• D. Autonomy must always be balanced with responsibility.

Correct Answer: B. Beneficence

Explanation: Beneficence requires AI developers to design systems that benefit society, improve quality of life, and create positive outcomes for users.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Maleficence means causing harm.
• C. Justice ensures fairness.
• D. Respect for Autonomy protects individual choice.

Correct Answer: C. Western Region

Explanation: The healthcare algorithm incorrectly classified patients from the Western region because it relied on healthcare expenditure instead of actual health conditions, leading to biased decisions.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A, B, D. These regions were not identified as the affected group in the case study.

Correct Answer: B. Healthcare expense data

Explanation: The AI assumed that higher healthcare expenditure meant poorer health. Since some communities spent less on healthcare despite being equally sick, the AI produced biased recommendations.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A, C, D. These were not the primary datasets used in the case study.

Correct Answer: A. Justice

Explanation: Justice requires AI systems to distribute benefits and responsibilities fairly while preventing discrimination and bias against any individual or community.

Why other options are incorrect:

• B. Beneficence focuses on promoting welfare.
• C. Respect for Autonomy protects individual choice.
• D. Non-maleficence emphasizes avoiding harm.

Correct Answer: B. Reliable and authentic

Explanation: Reliable and authentic data improves the accuracy, fairness, and effectiveness of AI models and reduces the chances of incorrect predictions.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Popularity does not guarantee correctness.
• C. Appearance has no relation to data quality.
• D. Easy availability does not ensure authenticity.

Correct Answer: C. Modelling

Explanation: After studying the collected data, developers choose and train the most appropriate AI model during the Modelling stage.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Problem Scoping identifies objectives.
• B. Data Exploration analyzes patterns.
• D. Deployment implements the completed model.

Correct Answer: D. Computer Vision

Explanation: Drones capture images of crops, which are analyzed using Computer Vision to detect diseases, estimate crop health, and improve agricultural productivity.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Statistical Data deals mainly with numerical datasets.
• B. NLP processes human language.
• C. Bioethics deals with ethical decision-making.

Correct Answer: B. Distinguishing between right and wrong

Explanation: Ethics refers to the moral principles and values that guide human behaviour and help people decide what is right, fair, and responsible.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Ethics is unrelated to computer performance.
• C. Hardware design is an engineering activity.
• D. Internet connectivity has no connection with ethics.

Correct Answer: C. Specific industries such as healthcare, finance, or transportation

Explanation: Sector-based Ethical Frameworks are designed for specific fields or industries. They provide ethical guidelines that address the unique challenges faced within a particular sector.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Fundamental moral philosophies belong to Value-based Frameworks.
• B. Human rights are addressed by Rights-based Frameworks.
• D. Healthcare is only one example of a sector.

Correct Answer: B. Analyze data to extract meaningful insights

Explanation: The Statistical Data domain focuses on collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data to discover useful patterns and support decision-making.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Video generation belongs to Generative AI.
• C. Image processing belongs to Computer Vision.
• D. Language translation belongs to Natural Language Processing (NLP).

Correct Answer: B. Human languages such as English, Hindi, or French

Explanation: Natural Language refers to languages spoken and written by humans. NLP enables computers to understand, interpret, and generate these languages.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Python is a programming language.
• C. Machine code is understood by computers, not humans.
• D. HTML is a markup language used to create web pages.

Correct Answer: A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation: Value-based Ethical Frameworks focus on moral values such as rights, justice, utility, and virtues rather than any specific profession or industry.

Why other options are incorrect:

• B. The Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
• C. Both statements are true.
• D. Neither statement is false.

Correct Answer: C. True Negative (TN)

Explanation: A True Negative occurs when the actual class is negative and the AI model also predicts it as negative.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. True Positive means the positive class is correctly predicted.
• B. False Positive incorrectly predicts a negative case as positive.
• D. False Negative incorrectly predicts a positive case as negative.

Correct Answer: C. Identity of the person receiving help

Explanation: Personal relationships, emotions, culture, and identity often influence human decisions, creating unconscious biases.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Screen size does not influence ethical decisions.
• B. Internet speed has no effect on moral judgment.
• D. Keyboard type is unrelated to decision-making.

Correct Answer: B. Develop AI awareness through interactive learning and activities

Explanation: AI Readiness introduces students to AI concepts through activities, games, discussions, and practical experiences to build awareness and responsible AI usage.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. AI Readiness is broader than programming.
• C. AI supports teachers rather than replacing them.
• D. Advanced machine learning is beyond the scope of this unit.

Correct Answer: B. Utility-based Framework

Explanation: The Utility-based Framework evaluates actions based on their consequences and seeks to maximize overall benefits while minimizing harm.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Rights-based ethics protect individual rights.
• C. Virtue-based ethics focus on moral character.
• D. Bioethics is a sector-specific framework.

Correct Answer: B. It is an iterative process where earlier stages may be revisited.

Explanation: The AI Project Cycle is iterative. Developers may return to earlier stages such as Problem Scoping or Data Acquisition if improvements are needed.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. AI development often requires multiple iterations.
• C. The cycle continues through Modelling, Evaluation, and Deployment.
• D. Deployment is the final stage.

Correct Answer: B. Ensure fairness and avoid discrimination in AI systems

Explanation: Justice requires AI systems to provide equal opportunities, avoid bias, and distribute benefits fairly across all sections of society.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Justice requires awareness of social inequalities.
• C. Profit cannot override fairness.
• D. AI must always consider its users and stakeholders.

Correct Answer: A. Intentionally causing harm or wrongdoing

Explanation: Maleficence refers to intentionally causing harm or injury. In AI ethics, developers should avoid maleficence and instead follow the principle of Non-maleficence, which means "Do No Harm."

Why other options are incorrect:

• B. This describes Non-maleficence.
• C. This describes Beneficence.
• D. This relates to Respect for Autonomy.

Correct Answer: B. Computer-readable information and meaningful descriptions

Explanation: Computer Vision enables machines to interpret images and videos by converting visual information into computer-readable data that can be analyzed for intelligent decision-making.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Computer Vision works with images, not audio.
• C. It does not convert images into programming code.
• D. Database tables are not the primary output of Computer Vision.

Correct Answer: C. Statistical Data

Explanation: The Statistical Data domain focuses on collecting, organizing, maintaining, and analyzing data to discover useful patterns and support decision-making.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Computer Vision processes visual information.
• B. NLP deals with human language.
• D. Ethical Frameworks guide responsible AI usage rather than analyzing data.

Correct Answer: B. To identify and prevent unintended harm before deployment

Explanation: Ethical Frameworks help developers recognize potential ethical issues early and build AI systems that are fair, transparent, responsible, and aligned with human values.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Ethical Frameworks aim to reduce bias, not increase it.
• C. They complement the AI Project Cycle; they do not replace it.
• D. Ethical AI encourages transparency and explainability.

Correct Answer: B. Four

Explanation: The four core principles of Bioethics are:

• Respect for Autonomy
• Non-maleficence
• Beneficence
• Justice

Why other options are incorrect:

• A, C, D. These numbers do not match the CBSE syllabus.

Correct Answer: B. To enable interaction between computers and humans using natural language

Explanation: NLP enables computers to understand, interpret, process, and generate human languages such as English, Hindi, and French, making communication between humans and machines possible.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Image processing belongs to Computer Vision.
• C. Statistical calculations belong to the Statistical Data domain.
• D. Object recognition is a Computer Vision task.

Correct Answer: B. Project goals and objectives

Explanation: Problem Scoping identifies the problem to be solved, defines objectives, identifies stakeholders, and establishes the direction of the AI project.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. Financial planning is not the focus of Problem Scoping.
• C. Image resolution is unrelated.
• D. Programming syntax is decided during implementation.

Correct Answer: A. Thermal or Infrared sensors

Explanation: Computer Vision systems receive visual information from cameras, videos, thermal sensors, infrared sensors, drones, satellites, and similar imaging devices.

Why other options are incorrect:

• B. Printed books alone are not direct CV inputs.
• C. Audio is processed by speech-related AI, not Computer Vision.
• D. Mathematical formulas are not visual sensor inputs.

Correct Answer: D. False Negative (FN)

Explanation: A False Negative occurs when the actual result is positive (the patient is sick), but the AI incorrectly predicts a negative result (healthy). This type of error can be particularly dangerous in healthcare applications.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. True Positive means correctly identifying a sick patient.
• B. True Negative means correctly identifying a healthy patient.
• C. False Positive means incorrectly predicting a healthy person as sick.

Correct Answer: B. Responsible citizens who use AI for social good

Explanation: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) encourage students to apply AI responsibly to solve real-world problems and contribute positively to society and sustainable development.

Why other options are incorrect:

• A. SDGs focus on responsible citizenship, not only programming skills.
• C. Coding speed is unrelated to SDGs.
• D. SDGs are not limited to hardware engineering.