A school has four departments — Administration, Computer Lab, Library and Accounts — located in the same building. The school wants to connect all departments to a central network. The Computer Lab has the largest number of computers.

(i) Which type of network should be used within the school building?
(ii) Which topology would be suitable for connecting the departments?
(iii) Which device should be placed at the centre of the topology?
(iv) Which device can be used if a cable signal becomes weak over a long distance?
(v) Suggest a suitable wired transmission medium for normal departmental connections.

A school has its main campus in Jaipur and branch campuses in Delhi and Mumbai. The management wants centralized access to academic data and online meetings.

(i) What type of network will connect these campuses?
(ii) Suggest a suitable transmission medium.
(iii) Which protocol/technology is suitable for secure web access?
(iv) Which technology can support Internet-based voice/video communication?
(v) Name a device used to connect different networks.

An office has 40 computers connected within a LAN. The administrator wants efficient communication between computers and also needs to connect the LAN to the Internet. One cable segment is longer than the normal effective range.

Identify the appropriate device for each requirement:
(i) Connect multiple computers within the LAN.
(ii) Connect the LAN to another network/Internet.
(iii) Extend the signal over the long cable segment.
(iv) Provide a wired network interface to a computer.
(v) Provide wireless network connectivity to a computer.

A school develops an online portal through which students can view notices, download study material and securely submit information.

(i) Which protocol should be preferred for secure access to the portal?
(ii) What does the 'S' in HTTPS indicate?
(iii) Which language is commonly used to structure web pages?
(iv) What is the role of a web server?
(v) What is the role of a URL?

A school uses email for communication with students and parents. Teachers send messages, while students retrieve received messages using their email applications.

(i) Which protocol is mainly used for sending email?
(ii) Expand SMTP.
(iii) Which protocol can be used to retrieve email from a mail server?
(iv) Expand POP3.
(v) Why is a protocol necessary in email communication?

A website administrator needs to upload website files to a server. Students later access the website through a browser.

(i) Which protocol is suitable for transferring files?
(ii) Expand FTP.
(iii) Which protocol is used for normal web-page communication?
(iv) Which secure version should be preferred for sensitive web communication?
(v) What is the role of a web browser?

A network administrator records the following IPv4 addresses:

192.168.10.15, 172.16.300.2, 10.0.0.25, 192.168.1.256, 172.20.5.10

(i) Identify the valid addresses.
(ii) Identify the invalid addresses.
(iii) State the rule used to identify an invalid IPv4 address.
(iv) How many octets does an IPv4 address contain?
(v) What is the maximum value of an IPv4 octet?

A university has several buildings. Each building contains multiple computers connected through switches. The university wants to connect all buildings to a central network and plans to add more buildings in future.

(i) Which network type is suitable within one building?
(ii) Which topology is suitable for the hierarchical campus arrangement?
(iii) Which device should connect different networks?
(iv) Which cable is suitable for high-speed inter-building communication?
(v) Give one reason why the selected topology is suitable for future expansion.

A university has five hostel buildings connected to its main campus. Each hostel has a small LAN with computers connected through switches. The hostel networks must access the central library and academic portal.

(i) What type of network is formed inside one hostel?
(ii) Which topology is suitable for connecting the hostel networks hierarchically?
(iii) Which device should be used to route traffic between networks?
(iv) Which transmission medium is suitable for high-speed connections between buildings?
(v) Why is a switch preferred over a hub inside each hostel?

A national news organisation wants to provide news through its website and mobile application. Reporters in different parts of the country upload photographs and videos to the central server. Users access the news through a secure website. The organisation also plans to provide live audio/video communication between reporters and the studio.

Answer the following:
(i) Which type of network is suitable for communication between offices located in different states?
(ii) Which transmission medium can provide high-speed long-distance communication?
(iii) Which protocol should be used for secure access to the website?
(iv) Which technology/protocol can support Internet-based voice communication?
(v) Which device is used to route data between different networks?